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Last Updated:: 03/04/2015
Status of Pollution in Himachal Pradesh
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring:
The monitoring of Ambient Air Quality was started in 1986-87 under the National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Programme (NAMP) with the objective to find the current status of pollution and to study the trends as a result of increasing industrialization. The general objectives of the programme are:
1. To evaluate the general air quality conditions in the cities and to provide the basis for analyzing long term trends of pollution concentrations.
2. To provide the data for subsequent development of air quality standards and pollution prevention and control programme for the cities.
The Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (RSPM) is monitored with the help of Respirable Dust Sampler on the basis of three days per station per week for 24 hours at 10 Towns/Cities covering 20 nos. of locations in the State. The State Board has also initiated air quality monitoring stations at Dharamshala.
National ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) as notified in 18th November 2009 are given in Table-4.1
TABLE-4.1
|
S. No.
|
Pollutant
|
Time Weighted Average
|
Concentration in Ambient air
|
|
Industrial, Residential, Rural and Other Area
|
Ecologically Sensitive Area (Notified by Central Govt.)
|
Method of Measurement
|
|
1
|
Sulphur Dioxide
|
Annual*
|
50 μg/m3
|
20 μg/m3
|
-Improved West and Gaeke
-Ultraviolet fluorescence
|
|
24hours**
|
80 μg/m3
|
80 μg/m3
|
|
2
|
Nitrogen Dioxide
|
Annual*
|
40 μg/m3
|
30 μg/m3
|
-Modified Jacob and Hochheiser
(Na-Arsenite)
-Chemiluminescence
|
|
24hours**
|
80 μg/m3
|
80 μg/m3
|
|
3
|
Particulate Matter (PM10)
(size less than 10 micron)
|
Annual*
|
60 μg/m3
|
60 μg/m3
|
-Gravimetric
-TOEM
-Beta attenuation
|
|
24hours**
|
100 μg/m3
|
100 μg/m3
|
|
4
|
Particulate Matter (PM2.5) (size less than 2.5 micron)
|
Annual*
|
40 μg/m3
|
40 μg/m3
|
-Gravimetric
-TOEM
-Beta attenuation
|
|
5
|
Ozone (O3)
|
8 hours**
|
100 μg/m3
|
100 μg/m3
|
-UV photometric
-Chemiluminescence
-Chemical method
|
|
1 hour**
|
180 μg/m3
|
180 μg/m3
|
|
6
|
Lead (Pb)
|
Annual*
|
0.50 μg/m3
|
0.50 μg/m3
|
-AAS/ICP method after sampling on EPM 2000 or equivalent filter paper
-ED-XRF using Teflon filter
|
|
24hours**
|
1.0 μg/m3
|
1.0 μg/m3
|
|
7
|
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
|
8 hours
|
2.0 mg/m3
|
2.0 mg/m3
|
-Non Dispersive Infra Red (NDIR)
Spectroscopy
|
|
1 hour
|
4.0 mg/m3
|
4.0 mg/m3
|
|
8
|
Ammonia (NH3)
|
Annual*
|
100 μg/m3
|
100 μg/m3
|
-Chemiluminescence
-Indophenol blue method
|
|
24hours**
|
400 μg/m3
|
400 μg/m3
|
|
9
|
Benzene (C6H6)
|
Annual*
|
5.0 μg/m3
|
5.0 μg/m3
|
-Gas Chromatography based continuous analyzer
-Adsorption and desorption followed By GC analysis
|
|
10
|
Benzo(a) Pyrene (BaP)- Particulate phase only
|
Annual*
|
1.0 ng/m3
|
1.0 ng/m3
|
-Solvent extraction followed by
HPLC/GC analysis
|
|
11
|
Arsenic (As)
|
Annual*
|
6.0 ng/m3
|
6.0 ng/m3
|
-AAS/ICP method after sampling on EPM 2000 or equivalent filter paper
|
|
12
|
Nickel (Ni)
|
Annual*
|
20.0 ng/m3
|
20.0 ng/m3
|
-AAS/ICP method after sampling on EPM 2000 or equivalent filter paper
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Annual arithmetic mean of minimum of 104 measurements in a year at a particular site taken twice a week 24 hourly at uniform intervals.
** 24 hourly or 08 hourly or 01 hourly monitored values, as applicable, shall be compiled with 98% of the time in a year. 2% of the time, they may exceed the limits but not on two consecutive days of monitoring.
Dust Sampler on the basis of three days per station per week for 24 hours at 10 Towns/Cities covering 20 nos. of locations in the State. The State Board has also initiated air quality monitoring stations at Dharamshala.
Source: Pollution Control Board, Himachal Pradesh